Picture this: an advanced race of aliens come across a human being for the very first time. What would they see? How would they describe us?
No doubt they would study not just our physical appearance but also our genetic makeup to see what’s makes us tick.
They would observe a hybrid organism that is a combination of mammal fused together with ancient microbes in symbiosis.
They would see that the mammalian genes have leveraged the power of ancient microbes to become far more sophisticated than would have been possible alone.
They might even call us a ‘superorganism’.
Genetic Material
A massive shift in our understanding of human biology began to happen around the turn of the 21st century. Scientists were able for the first time to map the entire human genome.
Our genome is made up of DNA, our genetic material, which is essentially the programming for how our bodies are put together and function from moment to moment.
Scientists can now see that there is more than just human DNA in the mix, there is also microbial DNA.
Before this big shift we were aware of microbes living on our skin and inside us. However, the surprise was the sheer quantity and variety.
But how do you measure the quantity and relative importance of human versus microbe within this superorganism? If you do it by weight or physical size, the human part is much bigger and clearly dominates.
However if you measure by number of cells and genetic material, the microbe part is much bigger and appears to dominate. Current estimates are that microbe genes outnumber human genes by 3:1 or as much as 10:1. Remember that genes are what make an organism tick.
Symbiosis
Could it be that humans and microbes just happen to exist next to each other, neighbours but not exactly friends? How do we know the relationship is any closer than that?
Surely humans and microbes aren’t fused together in some kind of sinister Frankenstein creation?
As we learned more from scientific studies over the last decade, it gradually became clear that these microbes are not just passengers hitching a ride, but that they are fundamental to how our body functions. (By the way, we’re not unique, this also applies to all other multi-cellular organisms on Earth.)
We are the result of millions of years of evolving together in symbiosis with microbes. It appears that we don’t actually have enough human DNA to perform all the functions our body performs, but are DEPENDENT on the microbial genes.
In other words we human beings are incomplete without microbes!
Built-in Microbes
Breastfeeding is great illustration of this. One of the principal ingredients in human breast milk are HMO’s (human milk oligosaccharides). The interesting thing about HMO’s is that our babies cannot actually digest them. Instead they are food for the baby’s microbes.
A human baby picks up friendly microbes from its mother while passing through the vagina during delivery. These microbes are fundamental to how the baby develops during it’s all-important first few years.
To support the vulnerable little newborn, mother’s milk contains large amounts of food just for the friendly microbes. This ensures that the baby’s microbiome is seeded with the right, friendly microbes, in the process protecting the baby from the wrong, bad microbes.
Mother’s breast milk also contains even more friendly bacteria to top up the ones just seeded into the baby by the vaginal delivery.
The alien race observing us would see that microbes are so fundamental to the human superorganism that they are built into our reproductive process. Friendly bacteria are planted into the baby and then carefully looked after, from the very first moment we’re born into this world.
Belief-Busting
There’s no question that this is a big change in how we look at the human species. The worldwide scientific and medical community is still getting their collective heads around it.
It’s also clear that this new perspective challenges some dearly-held beliefs, for example:
Old Belief: We are a single independent organism, a human.
Truth: We are actually a hybrid, a holobiont, a superorganism.
Old Belief: Bacteria and other microbes should be wiped out as they make us ill.
Truth: Many bacteria can make us ill, and horribly so, but many – if not more – are HELPFUL AND NECESSARY to us. Take a look at 5 Surprising Things Your Microbiome Does For You
It also raises some important questions:
-What exactly are we, as humans?
-What happens if we remove the ancient microbes from our bodies, in the pursuit of cleanliness?
During the 20th century we waged war on bacteria with the discovery of antibiotics and the drive for more and more cleanliness. Those of us in the West can now enjoy life without many of the nastiest infectious diseases that plagued our ancestors, like leprosy, smallpox, syphilis, cholera, polio and tuberculosis.
However infectious diseases have been replaced by a ton of new ‘non-communicable diseases’ (NCD’s). Instead of killing us horribly and quickly like infectious diseases used to do, they kill us horribly and slowly. Here’s just a few of the most common NCD’s:
- diabetes
- obesity
- cancer
- heart disease
- stroke
- Alzheimers
- autism
- multiple sclerosis
- asthma
What’s the connection between our microbiome and these NCD’s? We now know that our old friends, the bacteria, play a fundamental role in how our immune system – and indeed our whole body – works.
If we don’t have enough of our old friends, our gut stops working properly, we get sick and fat, and our brains malfunction.
Recap
What is my microbiome: it’s the name for the microscopic organisms (and their DNA) that live inside us.
Why does it matter? The old assumption was that microbes inside us were just passengers and, at most, helped to keep our poo smooth.
But now we know they are actually fundamental to how our bodies work. Without them, our bodies break down and life is miserable!
40 thoughts on “What Is My Microbiome And Why Does It Matter?”
Wow! I had no idea! Very interesting…. Forwarding this to my mom!
I do need to educate myself abt microbiome but thanks for giving me info! I’ve learned a lot!
Another fantastic read about our bodies. I didn’t know much about the microbiome until now, thank you so much!
Every time I read your posts I am in such awe of what I learn about the microbiome. But right now I am stuck on if an alien ever came across me. My mind is racing on what WOULD they say about us?”
Nice info and now I learned more about the importance of the microbiome! I would love to share this with my friends so they are aware of it too!
Here in Europe, microbiome are so known that they even are a marketing scheme 😉
Really great post to break down what can be a very complex topic which I think often puts people off learning more.
I didn’t know anything about the microbiome before reading this!!
This is so interesting. I’ve learnt so much. Thanks for sharing!
As always, whenever I read your blog surely learnt new knowledge & this round about microbiome, never know about it & now learnt much more. Thanks for sharing. cheers, siennylovesdrawing
I don’t know so many things about the microbiome so this was a really interesting reading to me! Thanks for sharing. – Paolo
very interesting information. I have to admit I have never given it much thought. I did know there are a lot of microbes living inside and outside of human body but I haven’t given it any thought ever since my biology classes ended.
Thanks for sharing this informative post with me. I did not anything about the subject, now I am curious to learn more about the GI function and care.
This is great stuff! After reading some of your posts, I find myself prioritizing my gut health so thank you!
I never knew about it. So interesting, thanks for giving me something to think about. I want to further my reading now
Interesting how the body works symbiotically with all kinds of bacteria and other organisms to make it run well (or not) . I guess I always knew about the whole microbiome theory but never knew the term for it. But I find it all quite interesting as I wonder how many people are better at dealing with food, or disease, or environments better than others.
Well, lately I study a lot about microbiome. Thank You for these info!
This was such an educational and interesting article.
I don’t have any idea about microbial DNA before.
I learned something new today!
Thanks!
I have heard of Microbiome, but never KNEW what it was or did, I am fascinated now.
I didn’t know the information about breast milk before…very informative! I like the point of view you wrote this post from. It helps in understanding.
It is really good to read informative blog post especially about health and healthy foods. I know now what is Microbiome.
I learned from science school that humans have their own microbiome that is unique and helps to guard our system from an outsider microbiome. Your blog is truly helpful and educational!
Oh no, (or yeah), I do know what is a leaky gut but fortunately, I am not a victim of it. Appreciate your detailed and organized overview about this i have learned something new today! – Knycx Journeying
This is so very educational I’ve never heard about microbiome before but now I have an idea what does it matter thanks for the info!
This is certainly very interesting and also informative. However, I know far too little about this topic and rather leave things to the experts 😉
Oh, I didn’t know that. It is indeed important to have a healthy gut.
I think this one of the most creative blogs in this niche, I love how you provide so much information but still make it sound so interesting and fun. Great read!
This is so interesting! The gut really impacts the entire body!
Very interesting and informative post!
I had never heard about microbiomes before, so this was a real eye opener!
This is a topic I have to learn more about so this post is good for me. Informative! Thanks for sharing this. – Paolo
I had no idea about the microbiome so this was a really interesting article to read!
I think this one of the most creative blogs in this niche, I love how you provide so much information but still make it sound so interesting and fun. Great read!
Excellent information. I’ve been hearing a lot about microbiome, but I never really knew what it all meant.
Have you ever considered about adding a little bit more than just your articles? I mean, what you say is valuable and all. However just imagine if you added some great images or video clips to give your posts more, “pop”! Your content is excellent but with pics and clips, this site could undeniably be one of the very best in its niche. Terrific blog!
Oh please. No pop nonsense. We don’t need entertaining, just informing
Heya i’m for the first time here. I found this board and I find It truly useful & it helped me out much. I hope to give something back and help others like you helped me.
Really informative post! Your blog always helps me learn a lot. I knew nothing about microbioms before this and this was really interesting. I knew gut health was important and try to balance myself with good and bad bacteria, but your post gives a lot of great background info to help tie things together and make more sense!
All I knew was that The microbiome may weigh as much as five pounds. The bacteria in the microbiome help digest our food, regulate our immune system, protect against other bacteria that cause disease, and produce vitamins including B vitamins B12, thiamine and riboflavin, and Vitamin K, which is needed for blood coagulation. But you have put more light on it..
Hey there! Someone in my Facebook group shared this website with us so I came to check it out. I’m definitely loving the information. I’m bookmarking and will be tweeting this to my followers! Superb blog and brilliant design and style.
Thanks very nice blog!